Rockwell-automation 150 MNL/SMC DIALOG+/APP-PROD GUIDE Manual de usuario Pagina 154
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Chapter 8
Reduced Voltage Starting
Introduction to Reduced
Voltage Starting
There are two primary reasons for using reduced voltage when
starting a motor:
• Limit line disturbances
• Reduce excessive torque to the driven equipment
The reasons for avoiding these problems will not be described.
However, different methods of reduced voltage starting of motors will
be explored.
When starting a motor at full voltage, the current drawn from the
power line is typically 600% of normal full load current. This high
current flows until the motor is almost up to speed and then decreases,
as shown in Figure 8.1. This could cause line voltage dips and
brown-outs.
Figure 8.1 Full Load Current vs. Speed
In addition to high starting currents, the motor also produces starting
torques that are higher than full load torque. The magnitude of th
starting torque depends on the motor design. NEMA publishes
standards for torques and currents for motor manufacturers to follow.
Typically, a NEMA Design B motor will have a locked rotor or
starting torque in the area of 180% of full load torque.
In many applications, this starting torque can cause excessive
mechanical damage such as belt, chain, or coupling breakage.
600
500
400
300
200
100
0 % Speed 100
%
Full
Load
Curren
- Application 1
- Please Read! 2
- Important User 2
- Information 2
- Table of Contents 3
- SMC Controllers 8
- Chapter 1 9
- Modes of Operation 10
- Adjustments 11
- Features 11
- Wiring Diagrams 12
- Suitable Replacement 14
- Applications 14
- Applications (cont.) 15
- SMC-2 Smart Motor Controller 20
- Modes of Operation (cont.) 21
- Current Limit Level 24
- Time Select 24
- Adjustments (cont.) 25
- Wiring Diagram 26
- Soft Stop Option 27
- Options (cont.) 29
- Chapter 3 38
- Starting Methods 39
- Current Limit Start 40
- Dual Ramp Start 40
- Starting Methods (cont.) 41
- Electronic Overload 42
- Built-in Communication Port 42
- Features (cont.) 43
- Phase Rebalance 44
- Metering 44
- Fault Indication 44
- Control Terminal Description 46
- Typical Wiring Diagrams 52
- (without options) 52
- (without options) (cont.) 55
- Control Options 56
- Control Options (cont.) 57
- Pump Control Option 60
- Stopping follows: 62
- Preset Slow Speed Option 64
- Speed Option follows: 66
- Customer supplied 70
- Smart Motor 72
- Accu-Stop Option 74
- Capability 80
- Plus Controller 83
- Tow Chain 93
- Exhaust Intake 95
- 1-1/2 HP 96
- 480 Volts 102
- Centrifuge 102
- Gearbox Motor 102
- Gearbox 103
- 575 Volts 104
- 240 Volts 109
- Bundle Bundle 113
- Windshields 114
- 230 Volts 116
- Motor Motor 116
- Die Die 116
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 122
- Application Considerations 125
- Use of Protective Modules 126
- Current Limit Fuses 127
- Motor Overload Protection 128
- Stall Protection and 129
- Jam Detection 129
- Built-in SCANport 129
- Communications 129
- Power Factor Capacitors 130
- Multi-motor Applications 132
- Part Winding 133
- Wound Rotor 133
- Synchronous 133
- Altitude De-rating 134
- Isolation Contactor 134
- SMC Dialog Plus Controller 135
- Winding Heater 137
- Motor Torque Capabilities 138
- Controller Options 138
- Accu-Stop 139
- Energy Saver Operation 139
- Energy Saver (cont.) 140
- Application Requirements 141
- Preliminary Estimates 141
- Chapter 6 143
- Mining and Metals 144
- Food Processing 145
- Pulp and Paper 146
- Petrochemical 147
- OEM Specialty Machine 149
- Lumber and Wood Products 150
- Water/Wastewater 151
- Treatment and Municipalities 151
- Design Philosophy 152
- Reduced Voltage Starting 154
- Reduced Voltage 155
- Design B Motors 156
- Reduced Voltage (cont.) 157
- Solid-state 159
- Chapter 9 161
- Solid-state Starters 162
- Using SCRs (cont.) 162
- Reference 163
- Torque and Horsepower (cont.) 164
- Locked-Rotor Torque (LRT) 165
- Pull-Up Torque (PUT) 165
- Breakdown Torque (BT) 165
- Motor Output for 169
- NEMA Design Designations 169
- Polyphase 1–500 HP 169
- Polyphase 1–500 HP (cont.) 170
- Calculating Torque 173
- (Acceleration Torque 173
- Required for Rotating Motion) 173
- ---------------------------= 174
- -----------= 174
- Torque Formulas 175
- AC Motor Formulas 176
- Torque Characteristics on 177
- Common Applications 177
- Common Applications (cont.) 178
- Electrical Formulas 179
- Calculating Motor Amperes 180
- Other Formulas 181
- Engineering Constants 181
- Engineering Constants (cont.) 182
- Conversion Factors 185
- Conversion Factors (cont.) 186
- ---------------------= 187
- Glossary 188
- Glossary-2 189
- Glossary-3 190
- Glossary-4 191
- Glossary-5 192
- Glossary-6 193
- Glossary-7 194
- Glossary-8 195
- Glossary-9 196
- Glossary-10 197
- Glossary-11 198
- Glossary-12 199
- Glossary-13 200
- Glossary-14 201
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