Rockwell-automation System Design for the Control of Electrical Noise Manual de usuario

System Design forControl ofElectrical NoiseReference Manual

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 2001P-4 Preface

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 200111-10 Measuring Noise Reduction EffectivenessIdentifying the Noise SourceTwo methods for identifying the source

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 2001Measuring Noise Reduction Effectiveness 11-11Field Strength MetersField strength meters (RF sniffers) are comme

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 200111-12 Measuring Noise Reduction EffectivenessMonitoring PanelsTo monitor your system panel:1. Route a wire arou

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 2001Appendix ANoise Control SupplementChapter ObjectivesThis appendix is designed to offer additional information o

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 2001A-2 Noise Control SupplementClamping at the Circular SectionWhen using a pigtail is not acceptable, clamp your

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 2001Noise Control Supplement A-3Figure A.2 Cable clamping methodsStrapping your cable to a DIN rail, as shown in Fi

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 2001A-4 Noise Control SupplementFigure A.3 Gland clamping methodConductive gland grounding, as shown in Figure A.3,

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 2001Noise Control Supplement A-5Wire Segregation Test ResultsTests were conducted to obtain objective comparisons b

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 2001A-6 Noise Control SupplementMethod• Both 24V dc commons were grounded to the panel (refer to Figure A.4).• 500m

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 2001Noise Control Supplement A-7Figure A.5 Wire segregation test resultsFigure A.6 Wire segregation test panelConcl

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 2001Chapter 1Electrical Noise Control OverviewChapter ObjectivesThis chapter provides a brief understanding of the

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 2001A-8 Noise Control SupplementSwitch-Mode DC Power SuppliesThis section describes the advantages and disadvantage

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 2001Noise Control Supplement A-9Grounding the CommonGrounding the DC common of the power supply attenuates common-m

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 2001A-10 Noise Control SupplementIn Figure A.8, 6.0V common-mode noise spikes are seen at the +24V dc terminal rela

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 2001Noise Control Supplement A-11DC FilteringIf sensitive clean loads are to be connected, further noise reduction

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 2001A-12 Noise Control SupplementAC Line FiltersAlways install a suitably rated AC line filter on the main panel as

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 2001Noise Control Supplement A-13In Figure A.12 noise spikes greater than 2V, from an unsuppressed inductive load a

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 2001A-14 Noise Control SupplementFigure A.13 Typical dynamic brake contactor interconnectionsNote: Exposed power wi

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 2001Noise Control Supplement A-15• Segregate unshielded wires at least 150 mm (6.0 in.).• Keep unshielded wiring as

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 2001A-16 Noise Control SupplementNoise ChecklistUse the following checklist to ensure that the number of potential

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 2001Appendix BEMC Product SuppliersThis appendix contains a list of the EMC product suppliers referenced in this do

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 20011-2 Electrical Noise Control OverviewIn both cases, equipment must be installed to manufacturers recommendation

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 2001B-2 EMC Product Suppliers

1 Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 2001AA quad B 10-1AC circuits 11-5AC line filter 5-1, 5-5, 7-1, 7-4, A-12acceptable levels 11-10adjacent panels 2

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 2001I-2 Indexswitch-mode 3-3ultrasonic transducer 3-3component mounting panel 2-6componentsanodized 2-7painted 2-7c

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 2001Index I-3floorgrid 2-9mezzanine 2-10raised 2-9fluorescent 6-1flywheel diode 6-3frequency range 1-2GGFI

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 2001I-4 Indexmotor contactor 3-6, 11-10motor frame noise 2-2motor power wiring 8-1ferrite sleeves 8-3stray capacita

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 2001Index I-5Ppainted components 2-7painted panel 2-6, 11-6panel 2-6, 2-7, 11-12adjacent 2-8painted 11-6pla

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 2001I-6 Indexstrobe lights 5-5suppression 6-1effects 6-4flywheel diode 6-3RC 6-2transient absorber 6-2switching noi

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 2001 Copyright © 2001 Rockwell Automation, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the U.S.A.

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 2001Electrical Noise Control Overview 1-3• Microprocessor clocks can generate high levels of noise at the clock fre

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 20011-4 Electrical Noise Control OverviewNoise VictimsTypical noise victims include the following:• Microprocessor

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 2001Electrical Noise Control Overview 1-5CapacitanceAt radio frequencies (RF) the capacitance between two adjacent

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 20011-6 Electrical Noise Control OverviewElectromagnetic RadiationAn example of electromagnetic radiation is radio

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 2001Electrical Noise Control Overview 1-7ImplementationImplementation involves applying the methods summarized in t

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 20011-8 Electrical Noise Control Overview

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 2001Chapter 2High Frequency (HF) BondingChapter ObjectivesThis chapter describes the ground plane principle and tec

Important User InformationBecause of the variety of uses for the products described in this publication, those responsible for the application and use

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 20012-2 High Frequency (HF) BondingNoise Example 1The transistors impose a 600V step change in the wire B (typicall

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 2001High Frequency (HF) Bonding 2-3Noise Example 2Stray capacitance I charges very rapidly. Current circulates via

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 20012-4 High Frequency (HF) BondingThe ground plane principle was originally developed by printed circuit board (PC

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 2001High Frequency (HF) Bonding 2-5Extending the Ground Plane PrincipleThe same theory holds true regardless of sca

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 20012-6 High Frequency (HF) BondingNoise Solutions Using the Ground Plane PrincipleIn this section, examples of how

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 2001High Frequency (HF) Bonding 2-7paint, is the difficulty in making quality control checks to verify if paint has

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 20012-8 High Frequency (HF) BondingAdjacent PanelsBond adjacent panels by mounting multiple flat straps between the

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 2001High Frequency (HF) Bonding 2-9Grid and Raised FloorBonding cabinet panels and machine chassis to a ground grid

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 20012-10 High Frequency (HF) BondingMezzanine FloorA mezzanine floor makes a very effective ground plane if the flo

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 2001High Frequency (HF) Bonding 2-11Machine StructureIf the machine structure covers a large portion of the system

iPublication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 2001PrefaceWho Should Use this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P-1Purpose of this Manual .

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 20012-12 High Frequency (HF) BondingFigure 2.10 Extending the panel ground plane using cable trayNew BuildingsIn ne

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 2001High Frequency (HF) Bonding 2-13Existing BuildingsThe nearest building steel structures between the machine and

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 20012-14 High Frequency (HF) BondingGrounding (Safety Earth)Grounding refers to safety grounding and although the s

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 2001Chapter 3Segregating Sources and VictimsChapter ObjectivesThis chapter describes how establishing zones within

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 20013-2 Segregating Sources and VictimsFigure 3.1 shows how you can create three zones in a standard panel or cabin

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 2001Segregating Sources and Victims 3-3Component CategoriesThe table below indicates which noise zone components fa

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 20013-4 Segregating Sources and VictimsRouting Wires and Cables Within a PanelThe following figures provide example

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 2001Segregating Sources and Victims 3-5Figure 3.3 Routing very-dirty cablesObserve the following guidelines when pl

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 20013-6 Segregating Sources and VictimsWire and Cable CategoriesThe table below indicates the best zone for running

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 2001Segregating Sources and Victims 3-7Data/Communications CablesData and communication cables that come from a rem

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 2001ii Table of ContentsChapter 3Segregating Sources and VictimsChapter Objectives. . . . . . . . . . . .

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 20013-8 Segregating Sources and VictimsMinimizing LoopsWires that form a loop make an efficient antennae. Run feed

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 2001Chapter 4Shielding Wires, Cables, and ComponentsChapter ObjectivesThis chapter describes how using shielded cab

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 20014-2 Shielding Wires, Cables, and ComponentsIn the shielding example below the grey plastic wireway (front) is s

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 2001Shielding Wires, Cables, and Components 4-3Figure 4.3 Ferrite sleeves increase common mode impedanceFigure 4.4

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 20014-4 Shielding Wires, Cables, and ComponentsFerrite Sleeve LimitationsAfter implementing all the guidelines pres

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 2001Shielding Wires, Cables, and Components 4-5In Figure 4.5 the cable is locally shielded to cross another zone. E

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 20014-6 Shielding Wires, Cables, and Components

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 2001Chapter 5Filtering NoiseChapter ObjectivesThis chapter describes how low-pass filters and ferrite sleeves can r

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 20015-2 Filtering NoiseGeneral Purpose 0-24V ac/dc FiltersThe filter diagram shown below forms a classic LC low-pas

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 2001Filtering Noise 5-3Figure 5.3 Floating-Common filterThe table below lists the part description and part numbers

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 2001Table of Contents iii24V dc Power Supplies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-42

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 20015-4 Filtering NoisePerformance Test Set-upThe filter performance test included the following components:• 24V d

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 2001Filtering Noise 5-5Ultrasonic TransducersUltrasonic transducers often induce high noise levels onto their DC su

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 20015-6 Filtering NoiseFigure 5.5 Line filter earth leakage pathThree phase filters are theoretically balanced so t

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 2001Chapter 6Contact SuppressionChapter ObjectivesThis chapter describes how contact suppressors for solenoids, rel

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 20016-2 Contact SuppressionNote: Sometimes the supply to a group of zero-crossing Triac outputs is switched by a me

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 2001Contact Suppression 6-3The suppressor across the contact (as shown below, lower) reduces the noise from the wir

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 20016-4 Contact SuppressionFigure 6.5 Transient absorberContact Suppression EffectsThe waveform below displays 7.2V

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 2001Contact Suppression 6-5The waveform below displays the effects of an RC suppressor added across the coil on the

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 20016-6 Contact SuppressionThe waveform below displays the effects of a flywheel diode across the switch (refer to

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 2001Chapter 7Power DistributionChapter ObjectivesThis chapter describes bonding, segregating, shielding, and filter

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 2001iv Table of ContentsMethods for Measuring Noise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-1Measu

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 20017-2 Power DistributionCommercial filters are tested, as shown in the figure below, with all devices properly bo

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 2001Power Distribution 7-3TransformersAn isolation transformer is frequently assumed to give good noise isolation.

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 20017-4 Power DistributionSingle Phase Power SuppliesTo avoid noise related problems caused by single-phase power s

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 2001Power Distribution 7-524V dc DistributionRoute power wiring according to clean/dirty zones. Segregate the follo

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 20017-6 Power DistributionSingle 24V dc Switch-Mode PSU Zoning ExampleIn the figure below, a 24V dc supply is mount

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 2001Power Distribution 7-7In the figure below, a filter is pictured between the clean zone (grey wireway) and the d

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 20017-8 Power DistributionDual Switch-Mode 24V dc PSU ExampleIn the figure below, dirty and clean zone loads have d

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 2001Power Distribution 7-9Linear PSUThe linear PSU does not generate noise on its AC terminals, as does a switch-mo

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 20017-10 Power DistributionLinear PSU Mounted in Dirty ZoneIn the figure below no AC line filter is required becaus

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 2001Power Distribution 7-11Special Applications for 24V dc PSUsThis section contains information considered applica

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 2001PrefaceRead this preface to familiarize yourself with the rest of the manual. The preface covers the following

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 20017-12 Power DistributionSegregation and Filtering VariationsOnce the principles of segregation and filtering are

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 2001Power Distribution 7-13Long Power Cable RunsThe 24V dc lines entering or leaving panels that cannot be bonded t

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 20017-14 Power Distribution

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 2001Chapter 8Motor WiringChapter ObjectivesThis chapter describes shielding, grounding, and splicing techniques for

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 20018-2 Motor WiringShielding Motor Power CablesThe benefits of using shielded cable are listed below (also refer t

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 2001Motor Wiring 8-3Applying Ferrite SleevesA ferrite sleeve around the three power conductors as they leave the dr

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 20018-4 Motor WiringHandling Excess CableObserve the following guidelines when handling excess cable:• Do not coil

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 2001Chapter 9High Speed Registration InputsChapter ObjectivesThis chapter describes how wiring, sensitive to electr

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 20019-2 High Speed Registration InputsNoise Reduction MethodsThis section provides installation guidelines for redu

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 2001High Speed Registration Inputs 9-3Figure 9.1 Shared registration power supplyIn figure below a pigtail shield c

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 2001P-2 PrefaceContents of this ManualThe contents of this manual are described in the table below.Chapter Title Co

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 20019-4 High Speed Registration InputsDedicated Power SupplyIn the figure below, the registration input has a dedic

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 2001High Speed Registration Inputs 9-5Proximity SwitchesProximity switches are especially vulnerable in the off sta

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 20019-6 High Speed Registration InputsSingle Voltage Input (24V or 5V)The figure below illustrates a typical regist

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 2001High Speed Registration Inputs 9-7Dual Voltage Inputs (24V or 5V)Where the input is split into 5V and 24V, with

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 20019-8 High Speed Registration InputsRegistration ErrorThe following charts help to estimate the error due to time

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 2001High Speed Registration Inputs 9-9Figure 9.8 Registration Error vs. Delay (rotary units)Error CompensationIf th

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 20019-10 High Speed Registration Inputs

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 2001Chapter 10EncodersChapter ObjectivesThis chapter describes bonding, segregating, shielding, and filtering techn

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 200110-2 EncodersWiring• Always use shielded cable (manufacturers usually specify appropriate cable).• Segregate th

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 2001Encoders 10-3Power Supply Wiring OptionsThis section provides filtering options of power supply configurations

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 2001Preface P-3Related DocumentationThe following documents contain additional information related to electrical no

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 200110-4 Encoders

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 2001Chapter 11Measuring Noise Reduction EffectivenessChapter ObjectivesThis chapter describes the equipment, method

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 200111-2 Measuring Noise Reduction EffectivenessProfessional probes are available in each category and would be man

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 2001Measuring Noise Reduction Effectiveness 11-3E-Field Sniffing MethodThe E-field is the electric field capacitive

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 200111-4 Measuring Noise Reduction EffectivenessH-Field Sniffing MethodThe H-field is the magnetic field inductivel

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 2001Measuring Noise Reduction Effectiveness 11-5Measuring AC CircuitsLine voltage AC circuits are more difficult to

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 200111-6 Measuring Noise Reduction EffectivenessFor BNC cases (as shown in Figure 11.4) refer to the following list

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 2001Measuring Noise Reduction Effectiveness 11-7Ground LoopsA line-powered oscilloscope may introduce noise via the

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 200111-8 Measuring Noise Reduction Effectiveness• Use a high-pass filter between the probe and the scope input when

Publication GMC-RM001A-EN-P — July 2001Measuring Noise Reduction Effectiveness 11-9Scope Probe Lead ExtensionRefer to these guidelines, and the figure